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A design science research approach was chosen [7, 12] to create a hotel fake review detection system with the aim to answer the proposed research question. Regarding the recommendations, the problem of fake review detection and need of a software solution were identified in Sect. 1 and 2 of the paper. Previous published research work (e.g., [2, 6, 8, 9, 11]) as well as setup several design workshops with several participants were reviewed to collect the relevant objectives of the solution. The primary objective of the system is to determine the probability of fake reviews for a given hotel using several analytical approaches. The system should gather data of the individual reviews collected from online review sites as well as information about the reviewers and the hotel itself. It should have the capability to integrate more analytical approaches stepwise over the time to improve accuracy and integrate current research results. Furthermore, components should be selectable and de-selectable case by case. Based on these objectives, a hotel fake review detection system based on different components has been created. At first, online hotel reviews and related meta data (such as hotel name, reviewers, etc. [2]) have to be collected through a web crawling tool [21] from online review sides like TripAdvisor. These data should be stored in a central database. Thus, central and fast accessible place for data access for the analytical components is shared. In the following, the analytical components (here: (1) text mining-based classification and (2) spell checker) can fall back on the needed data to calculate the probability of fake reviews for a given hotel in a related time frame. The text mining-based classification (1) will use already classified hotel fake review data to calculate the probability of a fake by evaluating textual similarities. The spell checker (2) will calculate a probability based on the amount spelling and grammar issues. Furthermore, the reviewer behavior checker uses data (e.g. timings, hotels, etc. [2]) about the last written reviews of the reviewer to infer on fakes. The hotel environment checker uses data about the hotel to identify fake or incorrect information (e.g., location, stars, facilities). After all components (1 and 2) are analyzed, a scoring system [17] uses the individual probabilities to determine the final probability of fake reviews for a given hotel. The scoring system can run a weighted or unweighted average of the different probabilities. The weights can be adjusted based on trained models and validation after system use. The system architecture is summarized in the following Fig. 1 and allows analytical extensions in the future. Dotted components (reviewer behavior checker, hotel environment checker) are not implemented currently, but will follow up as a part of future research. For a first demonstration a prototype was implemented as explained in the following section.
2 Background
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